Anesthesiology - Current Table Of Contents

This Month in Anesthesiology.

Page: A9

DOI: 10.1097/01.anes.0000341664.58206.83

Anesthesia and Outcome after Neonatal Surgery: The Role for Randomized Trials.

Page: 941

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e3f79

Authors: Davidson, Andrew J. M.B., B.S., M.D., F.A.N.Z.C.A. *; McCann, Mary Ellen M.D., M.P.H. +; Morton, Neil S. M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.A. ++; Myles, Paul S. M.D., M.P.H., F.A.N.Z.C.A., F.C.A.R.S.C.I. [S]

Emergency Airway Management: Competence versus Expertise?

Page: 945

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e3f8f

Authors: Boylan, John F. M.B., F.R.C.P.C. *; Kavanagh, Brian P. M.B., F.R.C.P.C. +

Multimodal Anesthesia and Systems Neuroscience: The New Frontier.

Page: 948

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e47fb

Authors: Orser, Beverley A. M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.C. *; Saper, Clifford B. M.D., Ph.D. +

Patient Blood Management: The Pragmatic Solution for the Problems with Blood Transfusions.

Page: 951

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e3d75

Authors: Spahn, Donat R. M.D., F.R.C.A. *; Moch, Holger M.D. +; Hofmann, Axel M.E. ++; Isbister, James P. M.B., F.R.A.C.P. [S]

Xenon and the Pharmacology of Fear.

Page: 954

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d4964

Authors: Hemmings, Hugh C. Jr M.D., Ph.D. *; Mantz, Jean M.D., Ph.D. +

[beta]3-Adrenergic Receptor Subtype Signaling In Senescent Heart: Nitric Oxide Intoxication or "Endogenous" [beta] Blockade for Protection?

Page: 956

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d4942

Authors: Zaugg, Michael M.D., D.E.A.A., F.R.C.P.C. *; Schaub, Marcus C. M.D., Ph.D. +

I Can't Take My Eyes Off This Web Site (with Apologies to Frankie Valli).

Page: 960

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d4979

Authors: Lichtor, J Lance M.D.

2008 in Review: Advancing Medicine in Anesthesiology.

This review of 2008 Anesthesiology publications highlights articles that have advanced clinical care and science in our medical specialty.

Page: 962

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e4149

Authors: Eisenach, James C. M.D. *; Borgeat, Alain M.D. +; Bosnjak, Zeljko J. Ph.D. ++; Brennan, Timothy J. Ph.D., M.D. [S]; Kersten, Judy R. M.D. [//]; Kochs, Eberhard M.D., Ph.D. #; Lerman, Jerrold M.D. **; Warner, David S. M.D., Ph.D. ++; Wiener-Kronish, Jeanine P. M.D. ++++

Effects of Supervision by Attending Anesthesiologists on Complications of Emergency Tracheal Intubation.

Supervision of anesthesia residents by an attending anesthesiologist is associated with a decreased incidence of complications during emergent intubations outside the operating room compared with intubations performed by resident physicians. WEBFEATURE

Page: 973

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818ddb90

Authors: Schmidt, Ulrich H. M.D., Ph.D. *; Kumwilaisak, Kanya M.D. +; Bittner, Edward M.D., Ph.D. ++; George, Edward M.D., Ph.D. ++; Hess, Dean Ph.D., R.R.T. [S]

[gamma]-Aminobutyric Acid-mediated Neurotransmission in the Pontine Reticular Formation Modulates Hypnosis, Immobility, and Breathing during Isoflurane Anesthesia.

Isoflurane decreases pontine reticular formation γ-aminobutyric acid, and increasing or decreasing γ-aminobutyric acid increases or decreases time to loss of wakefulness. Pontine reticular formation γ-aminobutyric acid promotes wakefulness, and decreasing γ-aminobutyric acid contributes to isoflurane-induced loss of wakefulness. WEBFEATURE

Page: 978

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e3b1b

Authors: Vanini, Giancarlo M.D. *; Watson, Christopher J. Ph.D. *; Lydic, Ralph Ph.D. +; Baghdoyan, Helen A. Ph.D. +

Blood Transfusion Promotes Cancer Progression: A Critical Role for Aged Erythrocytes.

Mechanisms underlying the alleged cancer promoting effects of blood transfusion are unknown. Two tumor models were used in rats to study the impact of blood transfusion on the host ability to clear circulating cancer cells, and host survival rates. The potential deleterious characteristics of the transfusion were also studied. Blood transfusion was found to be a risk factor for cancer progression. In rats, blood storage time was the critical determinant of these deleterious effects and aged erythrocytes mediated the effects. These results have implications for cancer patients receiving erythrocyte transfusions. MAIN_WEBFEATURE

Page: 989

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818ddb72

Authors: Atzil, Shir M.A. *; Arad, Michal M.A. *; Glasner, Ariella M.A. *; Abiri, Noa M.A. *; Avraham, Roi M.A. *; Greenfeld, Keren M.A. *; Rosenne, Ella M.A. *; Beilin, Benzion M.D. +; Ben-Eliyahu, Shamgar Ph.D. ++

Xenon Reduces N-Methyl-d-aspartate and [alpha]-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor-mediated Synaptic Transmission in the Amygdala.

In acute brain slice preparations of the mouse amygdala, xenon depresses N-methyl-d-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor-mediated currents without affecting inhibitory synaptic transmission. The results provide evidence that the effects are mediated via postsynaptic mechanisms.

Page: 998

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6aee

Authors: Haseneder, Rainer M.D. *; Kratzer, Stephan M.S. +; Kochs, Eberhard M.D. ++; Eckle, Veit-Simon M.D. *; Zieglgansberger, Walter M.D. [S]; Rammes, Gerhard Ph.D. [//]

Fiberoptic Oral Intubation: The Effect of Model Fidelity on Training for Transfer to Patient Care.

Training for fiberoptic orotracheal intubation using a high-fidelity simulator versus a low-fidelity simulator was compared. No differences between training effects were observed. These findings do not support the added expense of the high-fidelity simulator.

Page: 1007

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6c3c

Authors: Chandra, Deven B. M.D., F.R.C.P.C., M.Ed. *; Savoldelli, Georges L. M.D., M.Ed. +; Joo, Hwan S. M.D., F.R.C.P.C. ++; Weiss, Israel D. M.D. [S]; Naik, Viren N. M.D., M.Ed., F.R.C.P.C. ++

Electroencephalographic Order Pattern Analysis for the Separation of Consciousness and Unconsciousness: An Analysis of Approximate Entropy, Permutation Entropy, Recurrence Rate, and Phase Coupling of Order Recurrence Plots.

The recently introduced order pattern analysis, in this investigation represented by permutation entropy, recurrence rate, and phase coupling of order recurrence plots, is suitable to analyze electroencephalographic signals and separate consciousness from unconsciousness.

Page: 1014

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6c55

Authors: Jordan, Denis M.Sc. *; Stockmanns, Gudrun Ph.D. +; Kochs, Eberhard F. M.D. ++; Pilge, Stefanie M.D. [S]; Schneider, Gerhard M.D. [//]

How Much Does Pharmacologic Prophylaxis Reduce Postoperative Vomiting in Children?: Calculation of Prophylaxis Effectiveness and Expected Incidence of Vomiting under Treatment Using Bayesian Meta-analysis.

The most pessimistic expectations result in a 50-60% relative risk reduction of postoperative vomiting. With the combinations of a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and dexamethasone, a relative risk reduction of 80% is expected. WEBFEATURE

Page: 1023

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6b26

Authors: Engelman, Edgard M.D. *; Salengros, Jean-Corentin M.D. +; Barvais, Luc M.D., Ph.D. ++

Signaling Pathways Involved in Desflurane-induced Postconditioning in Human Atrial Myocardium In Vitro.

In isolated human atrial myocardium, desflurane-induced postconditioning involved protein kinase C activation, opening of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels, Akt, extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation.

Page: 1036

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d6b09

Authors: Lemoine, Sandrine B.Sc. *; Beauchef, Gallic B.Sc. +; Zhu, Lan M.D., Ph.D. *; Renard, Emmanuelle Ph.D. +; Lepage, Olivier M.D. ++; Massetti, Massimo M.D., Ph.D. [S]; Khayat, Andre M.D. [S]; Galera, Philippe Ph.D. [//]; Gerard, Jean-Louis M.D., Ph.D. #; Hanouz, Jean-Luc M.D., Ph.D. **

Involvement of [beta]3-Adrenoceptor in Altered [beta]-Adrenergic Response in Senescent Heart: Role of Nitric Oxide Synthase 1-derived Nitric Oxide.

In senescent heart, β3-adrenoceptor induces an altered positive inotropic response to β-adrenoceptor stimulation involving nitric oxide synthase 1-derived nitric oxide production. WEBFEATURE

Page: 1045

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d7e5a

Authors: Birenbaum, Aurelie M.D. *; Tesse, Angela Ph.D. +; Loyer, Xavier Ph.D. ++; Michelet, Pierre M.D., Ph.D. [S]; Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson Ph.D. [//]; Heymes, Christophe Ph.D. #; Riou, Bruno M.D., Ph.D. **; Amour, Julien M.D., Ph.D. *

Effect of Ischemia-Reperfusion on Renal Expression and Activity of NG-NG-Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolases.

The results suggest that ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to reduced dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity and modification of enzymatic isoform expression, thus leading to increased asymmetric dimethylarginine levels, which result in systemic effects, including increased cardiovascular risk.

Page: 1054

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d8a77

Authors: Volti, Giovanni Li M.D., Ph.D. *; Sorrenti, Valeria Ph.D. +; Acquaviva, Rosaria Ph.D. +; Murabito, Paolo M.D. ++; Gullo, Antonino M.D. [S]; Barcellona, Maria Luisa Ph.D. [//]; Galvano, Fabio Ph.D. *; Rodella, Luigi Ph.D. #; Rezzani, Rita Ph.D. #; Vanella, Luca Ph.D. **; Tringali, Giovanni M.D. ++; Caruso, Massimo B.D., Ph.D. ++; Gazzolo, Diego M.D., Ph.D. ++++; Di Giacomo, Claudia Ph.D. *

Desmopressin Reduces Transfusion Needs after Surgery: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

This meta-analysis on the use of desmopressin as a hemostatic drug provides evidence for a reduction in blood product requirements in the perioperative period. WEBFEATURE

Page: 1063

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818db18b

Authors: Crescenzi, Giuseppe M.D. *; Landoni, Giovanni M.D. *; Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe M.D. +; Pappalardo, Federico M.D. ++; Nuzzi, Massimiliano M.D. ++; Bignami, Elena M.D. ++; Fochi, Oliviero M.D. [S]; Maj, Giulia M.D. [S]; Calabro, Maria Grazia M.D. ++; Ranucci, Marco M.D. [//]; Zangrillo, Alberto M.D. #

Gabapentin Acts within the Locus Coeruleus to Alleviate Neuropathic Pain.

Gabapentin is clinically used for analgesia, but its mechanisms of action are unclear. In the current study, the authors demonstrated that gabapentin acts primarily on local circuits in the brainstem to stimulate descending noradrenergic inhibition.

Page: 1077

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dac9c

Authors: Hayashida, Ken-ichiro D.V.M., Ph.D. *; Obata, Hideaki M.D., Ph.D. +; Nakajima, Kunie M.D. ++; Eisenach, James C. M.D. [S]

Phase 2, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-Response Trial of Intravenous Adenosine for Perioperative Analgesia.

In a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating the dose response of adenosine with respect to perioperative analgesia, the use of intraoperative adenosine did not provide a useful analgesic effect after gynecologic surgery.

Page: 1085

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818db88c

Authors: Habib, Ashraf S. M.B.B.Ch., M.Sc., F.R.C.A. *; Minkowitz, Harold M.D. +; Osborn, Timothy M.D. ++; Ogunnaike, Babatunde M.D. [S]; Candiotti, Keith M.D. [//]; Viscusi, Eugene M.D. #; Gu, Jiezhun Ph.D. **; Creed, Mary R. M.S.N. ++; Gan, Tong J. M.B., F.R.C.A. ++++; The Adenosine Study Group [S][S]

Tariquidar, a Selective P-glycoprotein Inhibitor, Does Not Potentiate Loperamide's Opioid Brain Effects in Humans despite Full Inhibition of Lymphocyte P-glycoprotein.

Loperamide, a potent opioid that is a P-glycoprotein substrate, is devoid of central nervous system effects. The authors studied the effect of the highly selective P-glycoprotein inhibitor tariquidar on the central opioid effects of loperamide in healthy subjects.

Page: 1092

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d8f28

Authors: Kurnik, Daniel M.D. *; Sofowora, Gbenga G. M.D. *; Donahue, John P. Ph.D. +; Nair, Usha B. Ph.D. ++; Wilkinson, Grant R. Ph.D. [S]#; Wood, Alastair J. J. M.D. [S]; Muszkat, Mordechai M.D. [//]

Sex Differences in the Effect of Dyspnea on Thermal Pain Threshold in Young Healthy Subjects.

Experimentally induced dyspnea causes an increase in thermal pain threshold in male subjects but not in female subjects.

Page: 1100

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818d8f43

Authors: Nishino, Takashi M.D. *; Isono, Shiroh M.D. +; Ishikawa, Teruhiko M.D. ++; Shinozuka, Norihiro M.D. ++

Thoracic Epidural Analgesia with Low Concentration of Bupivacaine Induces Thoracic and Lumbar Sympathetic Block: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial.

Thoracic epidural anesthesia with 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.25%, alters thoracic and lumbar skin temperature regulation, indicating a caudally nonrestricted sympathetic block that correlates with sensory block.

Page: 1107

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818db16c

Authors: Freise, Hendrik M.D. *; Meissner, Andreas M.D. +; Lauer, Stefan M.D. *; Ellger, Bjorn M.D. ++; Radke, Robert M.D. [S]; Bruewer, Mathias M.D. [//]; Brodner, Gerd M.D. #; Van Aken, Hugo K. M.D. **; Sielenkamper, Andreas W. M.D. +; Fischer, Lars G. M.D. +

Sympathetic Nervous System: Evaluation and Importance for Clinical General Anesthesia.

This review evaluates different methods for determination of sympathetic nervous system activity and its role in human neurohumoral circulatory control with special regard to general anesthesia.

Page: 1113

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e435c

Authors: Neukirchen, Martin M.D. *; Kienbaum, Peter M.D. +

Propofol: Its Role in Changing the Practice of Anesthesia.

This article is a revisiting of original material published as: Shafer A, Doze VA, Shafer SL, White PF: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol infusions during general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1988; 69:348-56. SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT IS AVAILABLE IN THE TEXT

Page: 1132

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818ddba8

Authors: White, Paul F. Ph.D., M.D., F.A.N.Z.C.A. *

Intraoperative Pacemaker Rate Changes Associated with the Rest Mode.

Page: 1137

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818db8a6

Authors: Streckenbach, Scott C. M.D. *

Avoidance of Perioperative Acute Renal Failure: Land in Sight?

Page: 1140

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dd6eb

Authors: Chappell, Daniel M.D.; Rehm, Markus M.D.; Jacob, Matthias M.D. *

Use of Cockroft and Gault Formula for Estimation of Creatinine Clearance.

Page: 1140

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dd6fe

Authors: D'Souza, Genevieve M.B.B.S. *; Viscusi, Eugene R. M.D.; Rowlands, John B.S.

Use of Cockroft and Gault Formula for Estimation of Creatinine Clearance.

Page: 1141

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e29eb

Authors: Kheterpal, Sachin M.D., M.B.A. *; Tremper, Kevin K. Ph.D., M.D.

Minimizing the Risk of Intravascular Injection during Ultrasound-guided Peripheral Nerve Blockade.

Page: 1142

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dd8aa

Authors: Brull, Richard M.D., F.R.C.P.C. *; Perlas, Anahi M.D., F.R.C.P.C.; Cheng, Peter H. D.O.; Chan, Vincent W. S. M.D., F.R.C.P.C.

Ultrasound-guided Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Intravascular Injection.

Page: 1142

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dd8c1

Authors: Shankar, Hariharan M.B.B.S.

Accidental Intravascular Injection of Local Anesthetic?

Page: 1143

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dd8d3

Authors: Nelson, Todd W. M.D.

Accidental Intravascular Injection of Local Anesthetic?

Page: 1144

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e2b3e

Authors: Loubert, Christian M.D.; Williams, Stephan R. M.D., Ph.D. *

Accidental Intravascular Injection of Local Anesthetic?

Page: 1144

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818e2b59

Authors: Zetlaoui, Paul J. M.D. *; Labbe, Jean-Philippe M.D.; Benhamou, Dan M.D., Ph.D.

Management of the Difficult and Failed Airway.

Page: 1146

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dd8ea

Authors: Morris, Garret K. M.D.; Salem, M Ramez M.D. *

Interactive TEE Review: Self-Assessment Examination (DVD).

Page: 1146

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dd8fc

Authors: Whitley, William S. M.D.

Anesthesiology.

Page: 1147

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31818dd90e

Authors: Smith, Warner M.D.

CORRECTION.

Page: 1148

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181934e79

ANNOUNCEMENT.

Page: 1149

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181926f4e

Awards.

Page: 1151

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181926f70

ACKNOWLEDGMENT.

Page: 1152

DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181926fcb